Estimation of the water productivity of different varieties of wheat and rice in the context of agronomic, physiological and nutritional attributes

Moneeza Abbas, Sadia Nawaz, Ammara Fatima, Muhammad Kamran, Fakhra Aslam, Saima Atif, Fatima Younas

Abstract


Water shortage is a global concern, it also poses a particularly severe threat in Pakistan. It is estimated that over 60% of this irrigation water is not efficiently applied or not efficiently utilized by crop depending upon genetic variability. The pot study was conducted to evaluate the water efficiency of various wheat varieties (Millat 2011, Galaxy 2013, Faisalabad 2008, and Gandum 1) and rice varieties (Punjab Basmati, Chenab Basmati, B-515, and PS-2) based on their photosynthetic efficiency and nutritional quality by measuring their protein and chlorophyll contents. The highest concentrations of protein and chlorophyll were observed in plants of both crops that were watered and cultivated with 50 mL of water. For wheat, the greatest leaf length (cm), net assimilation rate [g/(d∙m2)], and photosynthetic efficiency were achieved when 80 mL of water was applied. Similarly, rice varieties (Punjab Basmati, Chenab Basmati, B-515, and PS-2) exhibited the highest photosynthetic efficiency, leaf length, net assimilation rate, and chlorophyll content when grown with 80 mL of water. Therefore, a conservative cultivation of wheat and rice is possible by selecting efficient variety and by improving technological approach of water saving through irrigation level and wise scheduling. The judicious use of water not only limit losses but also improve the the losses and improving productivity particularly in scenario of water scarcity.
Keywords: water productiviy, wheat; rice, agronomy, physiology, nutrition
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20241705.7514

Citation: Abbas M, Nawaz S, Fatima A, Kamran M, Aslam F, Atif S, et al. Estimation of the water productivity of different varieties of wheat and rice in the context of agronomic, physiological and nutritional attributes. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2024; 17(5): 200-205.

Keywords


water productiviy, wheat; rice, agronomy, physiology, nutrition

Full Text:

PDF

References


Durrani Z K. Water Scarcity and Social Vulnerabilities: A Multi-Dimensional Perspective of Water Challenges in Pakistan. Journal of Sustainability Education, 2020; Available: https://www.susted.com/wordpress/content/water-scarcity-and-social-vulnerabilities-a-multi-dimensional-perspective-of-water-challenges-in-pakistan_2020_03/. Accessed on [2022-08-15].

Meribole J. The water crisis in Pakistan. 2020; Available: https://www.borgenmagazine.com/water-crisis-in-pakistan/. Accessed on [2020-08-12].

Guarin J R, Martre P, Ewert F, Webber, H, Dueri S, Calderini D, et al. Evidence for increasing global wheat yield potential. Environ Res Lett, 2022; 17: 124045.

Mboyerwa P A, Kibret K, Mtakwa P, Aschalew A. Greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated paddy rice as influenced by crop management practices and nitrogen fertilization rates in eastern Tanzania. Frontier Sustainable Food System, 2022; 6: 868479.

Li J Y, Yang C, Xu J, Lu H P, Liu J X. The hot science in riceresearch: How rice plants cope with heat stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2023; 46（4）: 1087–1103.

Zhang W Y, Huang H H, Zhou Y J, Zhu K Y, Wu Y F, Xu Y J, et al. Brassinosteroids mediate moderate soil-drying to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature during meiosis of rice. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2023; 46（4）: 1340–1362.

Yin C-C, Huang Y-H, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Chen S-Y. Zhang J-S. Ethylene-mediated regulation of coleoptile elongation in rice seedlings. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2022; 46（4）: 1060–1074.

Gad A G, Habiba, Zheng X Z, Miao Y. Low light/darkness asstressors of multifactor-induced senescence in rice plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021; 22（8）: 3936.

Matsunami M, Murai-Hatano M, Kuwagata T, Matsushima U, Hashida Y, Tominaga Y, et al. Transcriptome dynamics ofrice in natura: response of above and below ground organs tomicroclimate. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2022; 46（4）: 1176–1197.

Jha Y. Regulation of photosynthesis under stress. In: Ahanger M A, Bhat J A, Ahmad P, John R. （Ed.）. Improving Stress Resilience in Plants. Academic Press. 2024; pp.35–48. doi: 10.1016/C2022-0-00946-6.

Da X W, Guo J F, Yan P, Yang C, Zhao H F, Li W, et al. Characterizing membrane anchoring of leaf-form ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase in rice. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2023; 46: 1195–1206.

Yang Y X, Yu J P, Qian Q, Shang L G. Enhancement of heat anddrought stress tolerance in rice by genetic manipulation: asystematic review. Rice, 2022; 15: 67.

Poddar R., Acharjee P U, Bhattacharyya K, Patra S K. Effect of irrigation regime and varietal selection on the yield, water productivity, energy indices and economics of rice production in the lower Gangetic Plains of Eastern India. Agricultural Water Management, 2022; 262: 107327.

Suna T, Kumari A, Paramaguru P K, Kushwaha N L. Enhancing agricultural water productivity using deficit irrigation practices in water-scarce regions. In: Naorem A, Machiwal D. （eds）. Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate. Singapore: Springer. 2023; pp.177–206. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-9159-2_11.

Li P, Zhang Y X, Wu X X, Liu Y J. Drought stress impact on leaf proteome variations of faba bean （Vicia faba L.） in the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau of China. Biotech, 2018; 8: 110.

Díaz-López E, Aguilar-Luna J M E, Loeza-Corte J M. Net assimilation rate and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in tartago （Ricinus communis L.） （Euphorbiaceae） in dry climate. Scientifica, 2020; 1: 7064745.

Wang D, Rianti W, Gálvez F, van der Putten P E L, Struik P C, Yin X Y. Estimating photosynthetic parameter values of rice, wheat, maize and sorghum to enable smart crop cultivation. Crop and Environment, 2022; 1（2）: 119–132.

Watanabe M, Chen C-Y, Levin D E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae PKC1 encodes a protein kinase C （PKC） homolog with a substrate specificity similar to that of mammalian PKC. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1994; 269（24）: 16829–16836.

Yadav D, Shivay Y S, Singh Y V, Sharma V K, Bhatia A. Enhancing nutrient translocation, yields and water productivity of wheat under rice–wheat cropping system through zinc nutrition and residual effect of green manuring. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2020; 43（19）: 2845–2856.

Hasnain Z, Bakhsh I, Hussain I, Sheheryar, Khan E A. Naphthalene acetic acid and irrigation regimes influence paddy yield and its economics under arid conditions. Planta Daninha, 2020; 38: e020200937.

Ranjbarfordoei A, Samson R, Van Damme P, Lemeur R. Effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange of Pistacia khinjuk and P. Mutica. Photosynthetica, 2000; 38（3）: 443–447.

Chutia J, Borah S P. Water stress effects on leaf growth and Chlorophyll content but not the grain yield in traditional rice （Oryza sativa Linn.） Genotypes of Assam, India II. protein and proline status in seedlings under PEG induced water stress. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012; 3（7）: 971–980.

Hussain I, Khan M A, Khan H. Effect of seed rates on the agro-physiological traits of wheat. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2010; 26: 169–176.

Panday S N, Sinha B K. Biological nitrogen fixation in plant physiology. New DEhli, India: Vikas publishing House. 2016; 363p.

Parry M A J, Reynolds M, Salvucci M E, Raines C, Andralojc P J, Zhu X G, et al. Raising yield potential of wheat. II. Increasing photosynthetic capacity and efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011; 62（2）: 453–467.

Gouda H S, Singh Y V, Shivay Y S, Biswas D R, Bana R S, Poornima S, et al. Root parameters and water productivity of rice and wheat in a rice‒wheat cropping system as influenced by enriched compost and crop establishment methods. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2024; 18: 101317.

Afzal I, Basra S M A, Hameed A, Farooq M. Physiological enhancements for alleviation of salt tolerance in spring wheat. Pak J Bot, 2006; 38（5）: 1649–1659.

Kwartiningsih E, Ramadhani A N, Putri N G A, Damara V C J. Chlorophyll extraction methods review and chlorophyll stability of katuk leaves （Sauropus androgynous）. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021; 1858: 012015.

De Souza G C, Haas A P S, von Poser G L, Schapoval E E S, Elisabetsky E. Ethnopharmacological studies of antimicrobial remedies in the south of Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2004; 90: 135–143.

Kaya Y, Akcura M. Effects of genotype and environment on grain yield and quality traits in bread wheat （T. aestivum L.）. Food Science and Technology, 2014; 34（2）: 386–393.

Cattivelli L, Rizza F, Badeck F W, Mazzucotelli E, Mastrangelo A M, Francia E, et al. Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: an integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Research, 2008; 105: 1–14.

Bouman B A M, Humphreys E, Tuong T P, Barker R. Rice and water. Advances in Agronomy, 2007; 92: 187–237.

Gomez K A, Gomez A A. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1984; 188p.




Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2023-2026 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office