Evaluating droplet distribution of spray-nozzles for dust reduction in livestock buildings using machine vision

Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh, Thomas M Banhazi

Abstract


Previous studies have demonstrated the negative effects of sub-optimal air quality on profitability, production efficiency, environmental sustainability and animal welfare. Experiments were conducted to assess potential environmental improvement techniques such as installing oil-spraying systems in piggery buildings. The developed spray system worked very well and it was easy to assemble and operate. However, before selecting the most suitable spray heads, their capacity to uniformly distribute the oily mixture and the area covered by the spray heads had to be assessed. Machine vision techniques were used to evaluate the ability of different spray heads to evenly distribute the oil/water mixture. The results indicated that the best coverage was achieved by spray head No.4 and spray head No.1 which covered 79% and 67% of the target area, respectively. Spray distribution uniformity (variance) value was the lowest for spray head No.4 (0.015). Spray head No.3 had the highest variance value (0.064). As the lowest variance means higher uniformity, nozzle No.4 was identified as the most suitable spray head for dust reduction in livestock buildings.
Keywords: spray head, livestock buildings, dust reduction, machine vision, spray distribution uniformity, animal welfare
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150805.1178

Citation: Mehdizadeh S A, Banhazi T M. Evaluating droplet distribution of spray-nozzles for dust reduction in livestock buildings using machine vision. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(5): 58－64.

Keywords


spray head, livestock buildings, dust reduction, machine vision, spray distribution uniformity, animal welfare

Full Text:

PDF

References


Lee C, Giles L R, Bryden W L, Downing J L, Owens P C, Kirby A C, et al. Performance and endocrine responses of group housed weaner pigs exposed to the air quality of a commercial environment. Livestock Production Science, 2005; 93(3): 255–262.

Murphy T, Cargill C, Rutley D, Stott P. Pig-shed air

polluted by α-haemolytic cocci and ammonia causes subclinical disease and production losses. Veterinary Record, 2012; 171(5): 123. Published Online First DOI: doi:10.1136/vr.100413

Donham K J, Haglind P, Peterson Y, Rylander R, Belin L. Environmental and health studies of farm workers in Swedish swine confinement buildings. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1989; 46: 31–37.

Cargill C, Banhazi T, Connaughton I. The influence of air quality on production increases associated with all-in/all-out management, in: C. Cargill and S. McOrist (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th IPVS Congress, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England. 1998; pp.248.

Donaldson A I. Factors influencing the dispersal, survival and deposition of airborne pathogens of farm animals. Veterinary Bulletin, 1977; 48(2): 83–94.

Banhazi T M, Saunders C, Nieuwe N, Lu V, Banhazi A. Oil spraying as an air quality improvement technique in livestock buildings: Development and utilisation of a testing device. Australian Journal of Multi-disciplinary Engineering, 2011; 8(2): 169–180.

Banhazi T M. Oil spraying systems for piggeries to control dust, in: Fahy T (Ed.), Proceedings of AAPV Conference, AVA, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, 2005; pp.76–80.

Banhazi T M, Currie E, Quartararo M, Aarnink A J A. Controlling the concentrations of airborne pollutants in broiler buildings, in: A. Aland and F. Madec (Eds.), Sustainable animal production: The challenges and potential developments for professional farming, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 2009; pp.347–364.

Banhazi T M, Currie E, Reed S, Lee I B, Aarnink A J A. Controlling the concentrations of airborne pollutants in piggery buildings, in: A. Aland and F. Madec (Eds.), Sustainable animal production: The challenges and potential developments for professional farming, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 2009; pp.285–311.

Lemay S P, Barber E M, Bantle M, Marcotte D. Development of a sprinkling system using undiluted canola oil for dust control in pig buildings, in: S. Pedersen (Ed.), Dust Control in Animal Production Facilities, Danish Institute of Agricultural Science, Scandinavian Congress Center, Aarhus, 1999; pp.215–222.

Takai H, Pedersen S. Design concept of oil sprayer for dust control in pig buildings, in: S. Pedersen (Ed.), Dust Control in Animal Production Facilities, Danish Institute of Agricultural Science, Scandinavian Congress Center, Aarhus. 1999; pp.279–286.

Syngenta T, Water-sensitive paper for monitoring spray distributions. Basel: Syngenta Crop Protection AG, 2002.

Zhu H, Salyani M, Fox R D. A portable scanning system for evaluation of spray deposit distribution. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2011; 76: 38–43.

Cunha M, Carvalho C, MarcalA R S. Assessing the ability of image processing software to analyze spray quality on water-sensitive papers used as artificial targets. Biosystems Engineering, 2012; 111(1): 11–23.

Gonzalez R C, Woods R E, Eddins S L. Digital image processing using MATLAB. Pearson Education India. 2004.

Cao X, Ning B, Yan P, Li X, Selecting key poses on manifold for pair-wise action recognition. Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions, 2012; 8(1): 168-177.

Kanungo T, Mount D M, Netanyahu N S, Piatko C D, Silverman R, Wu A Y. An efficient k-means clustering algorithm: Analysis and implementation. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions, 2002; 24(7): 881–892.

Wang L, Zhang N, Slocombe J W, Thierstein G E, Kuhlman D K. Experimental analysis of spray distribution pattern uniformity for agricultural nozzles. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1995; 11(1): 51–55.

Krishnan P, Williams T H, Kemble L J. Technical Note: Spray pattern displacement measurement technique for agricultural nozzles using spray table. Transactions of the ASAE, 1988; 31(2): 386–389.

Ozkan H E, Miralles A, Sinfort C, Zhu H, Fox R D. Shields to reduce spray drift. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1997; 67: 311–322.

Womac A, Etheridge R, Seibert A, Hogan D, Ray S. Sprayer speed and venture-nozzle effects on broadcast application uniformity. Transactions of the ASAE, 2001; 44(6): 1437–1444.

Sidahmed M M, Awadalla H H, Haidar M A. Symmetrical multi-foil shields for reducing spray drift. Biosystems Engineering, 2004; 88(3): 305–312.

Bayat A, Yarpuz-Bozdogan NY. An air-assisted spinning disc nozzle and its performance on spray deposition and reduction of drift potential. Crop Protection, 2005; 24: 651–960.

Zhu H, Zondag R H, Derksen R C, Reding M, Krause C R.Influence of spray volume on spray deposition and coverage within nursery trees. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2008; 26(1): 51–57.

Sundaram K M S, Groot P D, Sundaram A. Permethrin deposits and airborne concentrations downwind from a single swath application using a back pack mist blower. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, 1987; 22 (2): 171–193.

Theriault R, Salyani M, Panneton B. Spray distribution and

recovery in citrus application with a recycling sprayer. Transactions of the ASAE, 2001; 44(5): 1083–1088.

Fox R D, Derksen R C, Cooper J A, Krause C R, Ozkan H E. Visual and image system measurement of spray deposits using water sensitive paper. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003; 19(5): 549–552.

Vidakovic B. Statistics for Bioengineering Sciences. Springer, New York. 2011.

Bode L E, Butler B J, Pearson S L, Bouse L F. Characteristics of the micromax rotary atomizer. Transactions of the ASAE, 1983; 24(4): 999–1004.

Azimi A H, Carpenter T G, Reichard D L. Nozzle spray distribution for pesticide application. Transactions of the ASAE, 1985; 28(5): 1410–1414.

Kohl R A, De Boer D W. Drop size distributions for a low pressure spray type agricultural sprinkler. Transactions of the ASAE, 1983; p.16.

Tate R W. Immersion sampling of spray droplets. AIChE Journal, 1961; 7(4): 574–577.

Lillisand T M, Keifer R W. Remote sensing and image interpretation. Wiley, Canada.1987.

Franz E. Spray coverage analysis using a hand-held scanner. Transactions of the ASAE, 1993; 36 (5): 1271–1278.

Salyani M, Fox R D. Performance of image analysis for assessment of simulated spray droplet distribution. Transactions of the ASAE, 1994; 37(4): 1083–1089.

Salyani M, Fox RD. Evaluation of spray quality by oil and water-sensitive papers. Transactions of the ASAE, 1999; 42(1): 37–43.

Wolf RE. Assessing the ability of droplet scan to analyze spray droplets from a ground operated sprayer. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003; 19(5): 525–530.

Hoffmann W C, Hewitt A J. Comparison of three imaging systems for water-sensitive papers. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2005; 21(6): 961–964.

Xue X Y, Tu K, Qin W C, Lan Y B, Zhang H H. Drift and deposition of ultra-low altitude and low volume application in paddy field. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7(4): 23–28.

Behzadeepour F, Ghaseminezhad raeeni M, Asoodar M A, Marzban A, Abdanan Mehdizadeh S. Study on the Effect of Operational Parameters of Crops Turbine Sprayer (Turbo Liner) On Spray Drift and Uniformity Using Spectrophotometer. European Journal of Academic Essays, 2015; 2(5): 35–38.

Deng W, He X, Ding W. Droplet size and spray pattern characteristics of PWM-based continuously variable spray. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2009; 2(1): 8–18.

Sudheer K P, Panda R K. Digital image processing for determining drop sizes from irrigation spray nozzles. Agricultural Water Management, 2000; 45: 159–167.




Copyright (c)



2023-2026 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office