Effects of nitrogen and salt on growth and physiological characteristics of processing tomato under drip irrigation

Jiulong Wang, Zhenhua Wang, Haiqiang Li, Wenhao Li, Tianyu Wang, Mingdong Tan

Abstract


Xinjiang of China is one of the three largest planting bases of processing tomato in the world, but soil salinization has restricted the production of tomato processing. In order to study the effects of soil nitrogen, salt and their interaction on growth and physiological characteristics of processing tomato under drip irrigation, different amount of nitrogen fertilizer were added to reconcile different salt stress to explore the response mechanisms of growth and yield of processing tomato to soil nitrogen and salt contents with a two-year experiments. The results showed that the effects of soil salinity on the growth and physiological characteristics of processing tomato were significantly greater than that of input of nitrogen fertilizers. The higher soil salt content (≥5.0 g/kg) significantly inhibited the growth of processing tomato. The increase in addition of nitrogen fertilizer could alleviate the salt inhibition and promote the growth of processed tomato with the increase of soil salt content, and the maximum nitrogen application rate was 300 kg/hm2. The linear plus platform was selected to determine the nitrogen effect models of non-saline-alkali soil and weak saline-alkali soil, but the square root nitrogen effect model of moderate saline-alkali soil was selected to accurately predict the yield of processing tomato. It was suggested the processing tomatoes should be planted in moderate saline-alkali soil to achieve higher yields due to lower input of nitrogen fertilizer, potentially reducing fertilizer costs and maximizing profits from high processing tomato yields. The results have a strong guiding significance for planting of processing tomato on saline-alkali land and appropriate fertilization to increase the yield of processing tomato.
Keywords: drip irrigation, processing tomato, salinity, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211406.6568

Citation: Wang J L, Wang Z H, Li H Q, Li W H, Wang T Y, Tan M D. Effects of nitrogen and salt on growth and physiological characteristics of processing tomato under drip irrigation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(6): 115–125.

Keywords


drip irrigation, processing tomato, salinity, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency

Full Text:

PDF

References


Feng B Q, Cui J, Wu D, Guan X Y, Wang S L. Causes and countermeasures of cultivated land salinization in northwest irrigation area. China Water Resources, 2019; 9: 43-46. (in Chinese)

Da L I N, Tanis I K, Koutroulis A, Koutroulis N N, Varouchakis A E, Karatzasg P. The threat of soil salinity: a european scale review. Science of the Total Environment, 2016; 573: 727-739.

Luca Salvati,Carlotta Ferrara. The local-scale impact of soil salinization on the socioeconomic context: An exploratory analysis in Italy. Catena, 2015; 127: 312-322.

Chen W, Hou Z, Wu L, Liang Y, Wei C. Evaluating salinity distribution in soil irrigated with saline water in arid regions of northwest China. Agr Water Manage, 2010; 97: 2001-2008.(in Chinese)

Xi J B, Zhang F S, Mao D R, Tian C Y, Song Y M, Liu D X. Saline-soil distribution and halophyte resources in Xinjiang. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2005; 3: 299-303. (in Chinese)

Akhtar S S, Andersen M N, Naveed M, Zahir Z A, Liu F. Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize. Functional Plant Biology, 2015; 42: 770-781.

Ashraf M, Athar H R, Harris P J C, Kwon T R. Some prospective strategies for improving crop salt tolerance. Advances in Agronomy, 2008; 97: 45-110.

Ashraf M. Improving salinity tolerance in cereals. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2013; 32: 237-249.

Hanay A, Kiziloglu F M, Canbolat M Y. Reclamation of saline-sodic soils with gypsum and MSW compost. Compost Science & Utilization, 2004; 12: 175-179.

Zahir Z A, Akhtar S S, Ahmad M, Nadeem S M. Comparative effectiveness of Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens for mitigating the depressing effect of brackish water on maize. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2012; 14: 337-344.

Reddy N, Crohn D M. Effects of soil salinity and carbon availability from organic amendments on nitrous oxide emissions. Geoderma, 2014; 235-236: 363-371.

Shu S. Effects of exogenous spermidine on photosynthesis, xanthophyll cycle and endogenous polyamines in cucumber seedlings exposed to salinity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012; 11: 6064-6074.

Meloni D A, Oliva M A, Martinez C A, Cambraia J. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environmental & Experimental Botany, 2003; 49: 69-76.

Staff U S S L. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, Agriculture Handbook No. 60, Rev. ed. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C. 1969.

Grattan S R, Grieve C M. Salinity–mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 1998; 78: 127-157.

Paul D, Lade H. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve crop growth in saline soils: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2014; 34: 737-752.

Li J B, Huang, G H. Pilot study of salinity (NaCl) affecting nitrogen transformation in silt loam soil. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2008, 98-103.(in Chinese)

Munns R, Tester M. Mechanisms Salinity Tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2008; 59: 651-681.

Parida A K, Das A B. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2005; 60: 324-349.

Misra A N, Sahu S M, Misra M, Singh P, Meera I, Das N, et al Sodium chloride induced changes in leaf growth, and pigment and protein contents in two rice cultivars. Biologia Plantarum, 1997; 39: 257-262.

Mehta P, Jajoo A, Mathur S, Bharti S. Chlorophyll fluorescence study revealing effects of high salt stress on Photosystem II in wheat leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2010; 48: 16-20.

Burman U, Garg, B K, Kathju S. Water relations, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern & Coss) grown under salt and water stress. Journal of Plant Biology-New Delhi, 2003; 30: 55-60.

Strasserf R J S A. Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in plants and cyanobacteria. Photochemistry & Photobiology, 2010; 61: 32-42.

Schansker G,Srivastava A,Strasser R J. Characterization of the 820 nm transmission signal paralleling the chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (OJIP) in pea leaves. Functional Plant Biology, 2003; 30: 785-796.

Percival G C, Fraser G A. Measurement of the salinity and freezing tolerance of Crataegus genotypes using chlorophyll fluorescence. Journal of Arboriculture, 2001; 27(5): 233-245.

Pessarakli M. Handbook of plant and crop physiology. Phytochemistry, 2002; 63: 631-631.

Duan H, Fu L, Ju J C, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effects of application of nitrogen as panicle-promoting fertilizer on seed setting and grain quality of rice under high temperature stress. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2013; 27: 591-602. (in Chinese)

Wang Y, Tang X Q, Shi S L, Wang K C. Effects of different nitrogen application levels on physiological characteristics and content of (R,S) -Gaitun in roots of Isatis indigotica at seedling stage under salt stress. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2017; 31(2): 394-401. (in Chinese)

Xiao Y H, Zhao X L, Wang K C, Shi X M, Tang X Q. Effect of different nitrogen forms and concentrations on biomass and alkaloids of Isatidis Folium. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2013; 38: 2755-2760. (in Chinese)

Cleland E E, Harpole W S, Ostfeld R S, Schlesinger W H. Nitrogen enrichment and plant communities. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2010; 1195: 46-61.

Sala O E, Chapin F S, Armesto J J, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Huber-Sanwald E, Huenneke L F, Jackson R B, Kinzig A. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 2000; 287: 1770-1774.

Zhang T Q, Tan C S, Liu K, Drury C F, Papadopoulos A P, Warner J. Yield and economic assessments of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus for processing tomato with drip fertigation. Agron J, 2010; 102: 774-780.(in Chinese)

Hanson B, May D. Effect of subsurface drip irrigation on processing tomato yield, water table depth, soil salinity, and profitability. Agr Water Manage, 2007; 68: 1-17.

Roháček K. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters: The Definitions, Photosynthetic Meaning, and Mutual Relationships. Photosynthetica, 2002; 40: 13-29.

Yang X Z, Zhang X, Ma J X, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Wang Y Q, et al. Effects of drip fertigation on growth, yield and quality of watermelon in plastic greenhouse. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30: 109-118. (in Chinese)

Li Y, Wang F, Sun J S, Liu H, Yang J Q, Xian F, Su H. Coupling effect of water and nitrogen on mechanically harvested cotton with drip irrigation under plastic film in arid area of western Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016; 27: 845-854. (in Chinese)

Shiau Y J, Lee S C, Chen T H, Tian G, Chiu C Y. Water salinity effects on growth and nitrogen assimilation rate of mangrove (Kandelia candel) seedlings. Aquatic Botany, 2017; 137: 50-55. (in Chinese)

Singh M, Singh V P, Prasad S M. Responses of photosynthesis, nitrogen and proline metabolism to salinity stress in Solanum lycopersicum under different levels of nitrogen supplementation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2016; 109: 72-83.

Villa-Castorena M, Ulery A L, Catalán-Valencia E A, Remmenga M D. Salinity and nitrogen rate effects on the growth and yield of chile pepper plants. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003; 67(6): 1781-1789.

Zhang P, Senge M, Dai Y. Effects of salinity stress at different growth stages on tomato growth, yield, and water-use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2017; 48(6): 624-634.

Chaichi M R, Keshavarz-Afshar R, Lu B, Rostamza M. Growth and nutrient uptake of tomato in response to application of saline water, biological fertilizer, and surfactant. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2017; 40(4): 457-466.

Zhu Y K, Wang Z H, Li W H. Effects of different salt stress on physiological growth and yield of cotton under drip irrigation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018; 32(2): 298-305. (in Chinese)

Ke Y Z, Zhou J X, Lu N, Zhang X D, Sun Q X. Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Mulberry seedlings. Forest Research, 2009; 22(2): 200-206. (in Chinese)

Chaves M M, Flexas J, Pinheiro C. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 2009; 103(4): 551-560.

Stepien P, Ktbus G. Water relations and photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus L. leaves under salt stress. Biologia Plantarum, 2006; 50(4): 610-616.

Li N Y, Chen S L, Zhou X Y, Li C Y, Shao J, Wang R G, et al. Effect of NaCl on photosynthesis, salt accumulation and ion compaitmentation in two mangrove species, Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorhiza. Aquatic Botany, 2008; 88(4): 303-310. (in Chinese)

Yang S P, Wei C Z, Liang Y C. Effects of salt stress on photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of different genotypes of sea island cotton. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010; 43(8): 1585-1593. (in Chinese)

Shi Q H, Zhu Z J, Khalida A, Qian Q Q.. Effects of Isoosmotic Ca(NO3)2 and Na (Cl) stress on photosynthesis of Tomato. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004; 2: 188-191. (in Chinese)

Qin H Y, Ai J, Xu P L, Wang Z X, Zhao Y, Yang M Y et al. Effects of salt stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and ultrastructure of Grape. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2013; 33(6): 1159-1164. (in Chinese)

Tang L, Li Q Z, Rong L P, Li S S. Effects of salt stress on seedling growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of acer chinensis. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2015; 35(10): 2050-2055. (in Chinese)

Wang W L, Wan Y J, Liu B, Wang G X, Tang X Y, Chen X, et al. Influence of soil gradual drought stress on Acorus calamus growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013; 33(13): 3933-3940.(in Chinese)

Li Y H, Liu J H, Zhao B P, Tian L, Wang Q, Zhu S S, et al. Regulatory effect of humic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of oat under drought stress. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2020; 39(4): 26-33.(in Chinese)

Zhao Y F, Ren X X, Chen K. Effects of salt stress on seed germination, photosynthetic index and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of eggplant. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2018; 24(8): 4-6, 10. (in Chinese)

Di Paolo E D, Rinaldi M. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 2007; 105(3): 202-210.

Zhou H M, Zhang F C, Wu L F, Fam J L,Xiang Y Z. Effect of water-fertilizer coupling on yield, quality and utilization of water and fertilizer in young apple trees. Transactions of the CSAM, 2015; 46(12): 173-183. (in Chinese)

Yin C X, Li Q, Kong L L, Qin Y B, Wang M, Yu L, et al. Effects of reduced application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on yield, nitrogen uptake and transport of spring maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018; 51(20): 3941-3950. (in Chinese)

Gao H J, Peng C, Dou S, Zhang X Q, Li Q, Li S Q, et al. Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen application on nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen balance in spring maize. Journal of Maize Science, 2020; 28(6): 134-141. (in Chinese)




Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2023-2026 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office